Preparation of 3D and porous structure of m-CuO@C/G using KIT-6@C/G as hard template and investigation its catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj,, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

10.22036/cr.2022.312466.1162

Abstract

In this study, porous catalysts based on CuO were synthesized using templates of 3D cubic mesoporous silica-type (KIT-6) and copper nitrate as CuO source via nanocasting strategy and nitrate combustion method. Silica templates with a carbon layer on inner structure (KIT-6@C) or deposited on graphene sheets (KIT06@C/G) were prepared through calecination and carbonization of primery surfactans amd graphen oxides in inert atmosphere. The morphology, elemental analysis and structural properties of the templates and catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scaning electron and transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) techniques. The findings indicated that the cubic structure formed in templates and the resulting catalysts have monoclinic crystalline structure and pure of CuO and to some extent, have negative replica structures of cubic silica template. The results of BET for m-CuO@C/G showed that the catalyst has porous structure with some disordered regions, which constructes from meso and macro pores with specific surface area 50.0 m2 g-1 and averaged pores size 4.8 nm. The catalytic activity of m-CuO@C/G towards thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by technique of differential scanning calorimetry. With the addition of 2 and 5 wt% of m-CuO@C/G catalyst, the temperature of high decomposition temperature of AP was reduced by 82.6 and 88.5 °C, and the values of their specific heat releases for AP decomposition were increased 2 (820 J g-1) and 2.5 (1085 J g-1) folds of that for pure AP, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

Preparation of 3D and porous structure of m-CuO@C/G using KIT-6@C/G as hard template and investigation its catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Keywords

References

  1. S.G. Hosseini, R. Ahmadi, A. Ghavi, A. Kashi, Powder Technol. 278 (2015) 316.
  2. Y. Zhang, C. Meng, J. Alloys Compd. 674 (2016) 259.
  3. J.A. Vara, P.N. Dave, V.R. Ram, Nano-Struct. Nano-Objects 20 (2019) 100372.
  4. Z. Ma, A. Pang, W. Li, Y. Qi, L. Zhang, ultrasonication, Chem. Eng. J. 405 (2021) 126516.
  5. G. Hao, J. Liu, L. Xiao, H. Gao, Y. Qiao, W. Jiang, F. Zhao, H. Gao, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 124 (2016) 1367.
  6. W. Hao, B. Jin, J. Zhang, X. Li, T. Huang, J. Shen, R. Peng, Dalton Trans. 49 (2020) 6295.
  7. S. Jain, S. Chakraborty, L. Qiao, Combus. Flame 206 (2019) 282.
  8. T. Chen, Y.-w. Hu, C. Zhang, Z.-j. Gao, Def. Technol. 17 (2021) 1471.
  9. J. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. Zheng, Y. Gao, K. Ma, J. Ye, Y. Yang, J. Alloys Compd. 724 (2017) 720.
  10. S. Jain , W. Park , Y.P. Chen , L. Qiao, J. Appl. Phys. 120 (2016) 174902.
  11. P.L. Ríos, P. Povea, C. Cerda-Cavieres, J.L. Arroyo, C. Morales-Verdejo, G. Abarca, M.B. Camarada, RSC adv. 9 (2019) 8480.
  12. J.L. Sabourin , D.M. Dabbs , R.A. Yetter , F.L. Dryer , I.A. Aksay, ACS Nano 3 (2009) 3945.
  13. S. Isert , L. Xin , J. Xie , S.F. Son, Combust. Flame 183 (2017) 322.
  14. J. Zhao , Z. Liu , Y. Qin , W. Hu, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 16 (2014) 2001.
  15. A. Dey , J. Athar , P. Varma , H. Prasant , A.K. Sikder , S. Chattopadhyay, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 1950.
  16. A. Dey , V. Nangare , P.V. More , M.A. Shafeeuulla Khan , P.K. Khanna , A.K. Sikder , S. Chattopadhyay, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 63777.
  17. S. Zheng, J. Liu, Y. Wang, F. Li, L. Xiao, X. Ke, G. Hao, W. Jiang, D. Li, Y. Li, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 134 (2018) 1823.
  18. S. Chaturvedi, P.N. Dave, N.N. Patel, P. Ram, Int. J. Energ. Mater. Chem. Propuls. 15 (2016) 371.
  19. S.G. Hosseini, R. Abazari, Rsc Adv. 5 (2015) 96777.
  20. X. Zheng, P. Li, S. Zheng, Y. Zhang, Powder technol. 268 (2014) 446.
  21. S. Wang, B. Ye, C. An, J. Wang, Q. Li, J. Mater. Sci. 54 (2019) 4928.
  22. S.G. Hosseini, S. Gholami, M. Mahyari, Res. Chem. Intermed. 45 (2019) 1527.
  23. P.W.M. Jacobs, H. Whitehead, Chem. Rev. 69 (1969) 551.
  24. V. Boldyrev, Thermochim. Acta 443 (2006) 1.
  25. Z. Zhou, S. Tian, D. Zeng, G. Tang, C. Xie, J. Alloys Compd. 513 (2012) 213.
  26. L. Li, X. Sun, X. Qiu, J. Xu, G. Li, Inorg. Chem. 47 (2008) 8839.
  27. J. Yin, Q. Lu, Z. Yu, J. Wang, H. Pang, F. Gao, Cryst. Growth Des. 10 (2010) 40.
  28. J. Zhu, G. Zeng, F. Nie, X. Xu, S. Chen, Q. Han, X. Wang, Nanoscale 2 (2010) 988.
  29. D.L. Reid, A.E. Russo, R.V. Carro, M.A. Stephens, A.R. LePage, T.C. Spalding, E.L. Petersen, S. Seal, Nano Lett. 7 (2007) 2157.
  30. R. Borzi, S. Stewart, R. Mercader, G. Punte, F. Garcia, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226 (2001) 1513.
  31. J.A. Rodriguez, M. Fernández-García, Synthesis, properties, and applications of oxide nanomaterials, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
  32. S.S. Joshi, P.R. Patil, V. Krishnamurthy, Def. Sci. J. 58 (2008) 721.
  33. R.A. Chandru, S. Patra, C. Oommen, N. Munichandraiah, B. Raghunandan, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 6536.
  34. S. Lu, X. Jing, J. Liu, J. Wang, Q. Liu, Y. Zhao, S. Jamil, M. Zhang, L. Liu, J. Solid State Chem. 197 (2013) 345.
  35. J. Yin, Q. Lu, Z. Yu, J. Wang, H. Pang, F. Gao, Cryst. Growth Des. 10 (2010) 40.
  36. G. Duan, X. Yang, J. Chen, G. Huang, L. Lu, X. Wang, Powder technol. 172 (2007) 27.
  37. E. Alizadeh-Gheshlaghi, B. Shaabani, A. Khodayari, Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, R. Rahimi, Powder Technol. 217 (2012) 330.
  38. L. Chen, L. Li, G. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 464 (2008) 532.
  39. Y. Wang, X. Xia, J. Zhu, Y. Li, X. Wang, X. Hu, Combust. Sci. Technol. 183 (2010) 154.
  40. B. Xue, Z. Qian, C. Liu, G. Luo, Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 90 (2017) 138.
  41. L.-J. Chen, G.-S. Li, L.-P. Li, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 91 (2008) 581.
  42. S. Yang, C. Wang, L. Chen, S. Chen, Mater. Chem. Phys. 120 (2010) 296.
  43. Y. Xu, D. Chen, X. Jiao, K. Xue, Mater. Res. Bull. 42 (2007) 1723.
  44. X. Ke, X. Zhou, G. Hao, L. Xiao, H. Gao, T. Chen, W. Jiang, Funct. Mater. Lett. 10 (2017) 1750030.
  45. Y. Hu, S. Yang, B. Tao, X. Liu, K. Lin, Y. Yang, R. Fan, D. Xia, D. Hao, Vacuum 159 (2019) 105.
  46. Z. Cheng, X. Chu, J. Xu, H. Zhong, L. Zhang, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 3876.
  47. J. Wang, S. He, Z. Li, X. Jing, M. Zhang, Z. Jiang, J. Chem. Sci. 121 (2009) 1077.
  48. J. Yin, Z. Sheng, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Zhong, R. Li, Z. Jiang, X. Wang, Mater. Lett. 131 (2014) 317.
  49. H. Hu, X. Ge, Q. Zheng, C. Deng, Korean J Chem Eng. 32 (2015) 2335.
  50. E. Ayoman, S.G. Hosseini, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 123 (2016) 1213.
  51. J. Sharma, P. Srivastava, G. Singh, M.S. Akhtar, S. Ameen, Thermochim. Acta 614 (2015) 110.
  52. S. Paulose, R. Raghavan, B.K. George, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 53 (2017) 155.
  53. P. Cui, A. Wang, J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 20 (2016) 343.
  54. F. Tingming, C. Weifan, G. Zhiming, L. Lin, L. Fengsheng, Combust. Sci. Technol. 181 (2009) 892.
  55. S.G. Hosseini, Z. Khodadadipoor, M. Mahyari, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 32 (2018) e3959.
  56. Y. Lan, M. Jin, Y. Luo, J. sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 74 (2014) 161
  57. J. Xu, S. Li, L. Tan, B. Kou, Mater. Res. Bull. 93 (2017) 352.
  58. Y. Hu, Y. Yang, R. Fan, K. Lin, D. Hao, D. Xia, P. Wang, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 33 (2019) e5060.
  59. T. Zhou, X. Qi, Y. Ma, C. Pei, X. Duan, B. Wu, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 34 (2020) e5730.
  60. S. Jain, L. Qiao, Proc. Combust. Inst. 37 (2019) 5679.
  61. S. Jain, S. Chakraborty, L. Qiao, AIAA Propulsion and Energy 57 (2019) 4441.
  62. Y. Ren, Z. Ma, P. G. Bruce, Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 (2012) 4909.
  63. Y. Ren, Z. Ma, L. P. Qian, S. Dai, H. Y. He, P. G. Bruce, Catal. Lett. 131 (2009) 146.
  64. F. Kleitz, S.H. Choi, R. Ryoo, Chem. Commun. 17 (2003) 2136.
  65. W. Dai, M. Zheng, Y. Zhao, S. Liao, G. Ji, J. Cao, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5 (2010) 103.
  66. G. Zhang, B. Gou, Y. Yang, M. Liu, X. Li, L. Xiao, G. Hao, F. Zhao, W. Jiang, ACS omega 5 (2020) 32667.
  67. C.-W. Lee, S.-B. Yoon, H.-K. Kim, H.-C. Youn, J. Han, K.C. Roh, K.-B. Kim, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 2314.
  68. C.-W. Lee, K.C. Roh, K.-B. Kim, Nanoscale, 5 (2013) 9604.
  69. K. Lee, J. Zhang, H. Wang, D.P. Wilkinson, J. Appl. Electrochem. 36 (2006) 507.
  70. M. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A.V. Neimark, J.P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, J. Rouquerol, K.S. Sing, Pure Appl. Chem. 87 (2015) 1051.
  71. M.Á.L. Zavala, S.A.L. Morales, M. Ávila-Santos, Heliyon 3 (2017) e00456.
  72. M. Zou, X. Jiang, L. Lu, X. Wang, J. Hazard. Mater. 225 (2012) 124.
  73. H. Qin, M. Zha, Z. Ma, F. Zhao, S. Xu, H. Xu, Pyrotechnics 2014, 39, 694.

 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 09 March 2022
  • Accept Date: 14 March 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics