COVID-19, as a global health crisis, has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a novel and powerful tool with immense potential in combating the virus. Nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nano-based technologies can play an effective role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Due to their unique properties—such as high surface area, nanoscale functionality, and specific interactions with biological structures—these technologies enable the development of advanced drugs and vaccines. The use of nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics and vaccines, the design of nano-sensors for rapid and accurate virus detection, and the application of nanofiltration in manufacturing masks and protective equipment are among the remarkable advancements in this field. Overall, nanotechnology stands out as an innovative and effective strategy that can significantly contribute to limiting virus transmission, accelerating treatment and vaccination processes, and serving as a critical tool in facing similar pandemics in the future. The present review article offers a comprehensive and broad overview of the current state of existing research on COVID‑19.