The practical application of chemistry is possible in various fields, from treatment to production and industry. This review article examines an example of important applications of chemistry in the field of dental treatments and introduces it to the audience. One of the most widely used materials in dentistry is dental cement; a material that is formed based on the hardening reaction between a solid powder and a viscous liquid and is used in indirect restorations, especially for the reconstruction of damaged teeth. Choosing the right type of cement depends on various factors and plays an important role in the durability and success of the treatment. So far, various types of cement materials have been introduced in dentistry, which have significant differences from conventional cements in terms of chemical composition, physical properties and application methods. In this article, while introducing the properties, components, and formation of dental cements, their types from the past to the present are reviewed; then, a group of hydraulic dental cements, including MTA, Portland, and calcium silicates, are introduced. These materials have high chemical stability and mechanical strength, are able to be combined with dental fluids, and are also effective in improving the appearance of teeth from an aesthetic point of view. Due to the high biocompatibility of these compounds, their use has expanded in root and pulp restorative treatments, to root canal sealing and filling.