Abstract:
This study presents a novel, environmentally benign method for the synthesis of 7-aryl-5,6,7,12-tetrahydrobenzo[h]tetrazolo[5,1-b]quinazoline derivatives. The one-pot multicomponent reaction, based on green chemistry principles, employs a g-C3N4/NHSO3H catalyst (sulfamic acid-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride). The three-component condensation of 5-aminotetrazole, α-tetralones, and aromatic benzaldehydes under optimized conditions (isopropanol as green solvent, reflux temperature) afforded products in 75–93% yield with high purity. The designed hybrid catalyst combines the layered structure of g-C3N4 with acidic NHSO3H groups, functioning as a heterogeneous solid acid. It facilitated the reaction through dual protonation and cyclization mechanisms. Key advantages include: Short synthetic route (single step, no intermediate isolation), Environmental compatibility (green solvent, avoidance of corrosive catalysts like HCl), Excellent catalyst recyclability (5 cycles without loss of activity), and mild conditions (atmospheric pressure, simple equipment). The catalyst’s porous structure enhanced mass transfer, accelerating formation of the target heterocyclic framework. This methodology offers an efficient, sustainable alternative for synthesizing complex heterocyclic compounds with significant potential in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.